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| 1179 |
| | In a treaty signed at Cazorla, the kings of Castile and Aragon agree on a plan of cooperation against the Muslims | |
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| 1191 |
| | The Muslim garrison of Acre surrenders to Richard I, who orders the massacre of 2700 of its members | |
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| 1228 |
| | Frederick II, leader of the sixth crusade, briefly recovers Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiating with the Muslims | |
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| 1291 |
| | In the space of a few months the Muslims take the last four crusader castles, Tyre, Sidon, Acre and finally Beirut | |
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| 1315 |
| | Islam replaces Christianity as the religion of the kings of Dongola, in present-day Sudan | |
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| 1445 |
| | A Muslim ruler is established in Malacca, forming the first of many Muslim dynasties in the Malay archipelago | |
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| 1492 |
| | The army of Ferdinand and Isabella besieges and takes the city of Granada, completing the long reconquest of Spain from the Muslims | |
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| 1492 |
| | Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain | |
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| 1525 |
| | Muslims throughout Spain are ordered to convert to Christianity or to leave the kingdom | |
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| 1530 |
| | Ahmad ibn Ibrahim leads Muslim Somalis in a holy war against Christian Ethiopia, destroying churches and shrines | |
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